Valerio Alfonso Bruno is a fellow at the Centre for the Analysis of the Radical Right (CARR) and a member of the Center for European Future (CEF). He recently contributed to the Routledge handbooks of far-right extremism in Europe and non-violent extremism and to multi-countries reports as Symbols & Slogans of the Radical Right Online: Italy, Germany, France (ACS) and The State of Hate: Far Right Extremism in Europe 2021 (Hope Not Hate/Amadeu Stiftung). Valerio’s analyses have appeared, among others, on Al Jazeera, The Independent, openDemocracy and Social Europe.