Michael Boyle is an Associate Professor of Political Science at La Salle University in Philadelphia. He was previously a Lecturer in International Relations and a Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at the University of St. Andrews. His research interests are on terrorism and political violence, with particular reference to the strategic use of violence in insurgencies and civil wars. He has also published more broadly on security studies and American foreign policy. His is the author of “Violence After War: Explaining Instability in Post-Conflict States.”